7-Zip是一個(gè)支持7z(它實(shí)現(xiàn)了LZMA壓縮算法,具有非常高的壓縮比)、LZMA2、XZ、ZIP、Zip64、CAB、ARJ、GZIP、BZIP2、TAR、CPIO、RPM、ISO、大多數(shù)文件系統(tǒng)映像和DEB格式的文件歸檔器。RAR格式由于不是免費(fèi)許可,已經(jīng)被刪除了。
環(huán)境
Centos7.7 Minimal
p7zip-16.02
安裝
默認(rèn)Centos7沒(méi)有安裝p7zip安裝包,默認(rèn)源里面也沒(méi)有這個(gè)安裝包,需要安裝epel源才能安裝p7zip安裝包。
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install epel-release
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install p7zip p7zip-plugins
使用方法
7z命令提供的函數(shù)字母與命令行選項(xiàng)類(lèi)似,但使用時(shí)不使用-。這些參數(shù)字母告訴命令它需要執(zhí)行的函數(shù)。
壓縮文件
創(chuàng)建一個(gè)壓縮包使用a參數(shù)
創(chuàng)建一個(gè)7z格式的壓縮包:
[root@localhost ~]# 7z a files.7z file1.txt file2.txt file3.txt file4.txt
7-Zip [64] 16.02 : Copyright (c) 1999-2016 Igor Pavlov : 2016-05-21
p7zip Version 16.02 (locale=en_US.UTF-8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on,64 bits,1 CPU Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (906EA),ASM,AES-NI)
Scanning the drive:
4 files, 0 bytes
Creating archive: files.7z
Items to compress: 4
Files read from disk: 0
Archive size: 143 bytes (1 KiB)
Everything is Ok
執(zhí)行完命令,查看一下是否已經(jīng)創(chuàng)建7z格式的壓縮包

創(chuàng)建一個(gè)包含目錄的壓縮包:
[root@localhost ~]# 7z a gpg.7z .gnupg/
7-Zip [64] 16.02 : Copyright (c) 1999-2016 Igor Pavlov : 2016-05-21
p7zip Version 16.02 (locale=en_US.UTF-8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on,64 bits,1 CPU Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (906EA),ASM,AES-NI)
Scanning the drive:
2 folders, 5 files, 8280 bytes (9 KiB)
Creating archive: gpg.7z
Items to compress: 7
Files read from disk: 2
Archive size: 4157 bytes (5 KiB)
Everything is Ok
[root@localhost ~]#

7zip還可以壓縮、解壓縮其他格式的壓縮包。比如:創(chuàng)建一個(gè).zip格式的壓縮包。
[root@localhost ~]# 7z a files.zip file{1..4}.txt
7-Zip [64] 16.02 : Copyright (c) 1999-2016 Igor Pavlov : 2016-05-21
p7zip Version 16.02 (locale=en_US.UTF-8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on,64 bits,1 CPU Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (906EA),ASM,AES-NI)
Scanning the drive:
4 files, 0 bytes
Creating archive: files.zip
Items to compress: 4
Files read from disk: 4
Archive size: 542 bytes (1 KiB)
Everything is Ok

列出壓縮包里面的內(nèi)容
列出壓縮包的內(nèi)容使用l參數(shù):
[root@localhost ~]# 7z l gpg.7z
7-Zip [64] 16.02 : Copyright (c) 1999-2016 Igor Pavlov : 2016-05-21
p7zip Version 16.02 (locale=en_US.UTF-8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on,64 bits,1 CPU Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (906EA),ASM,AES-NI)
Scanning the drive for archives:
1 file, 4157 bytes (5 KiB)
Listing archive: gpg.7z
--
Path = gpg.7z
Type = 7z
Physical Size = 4157
Headers Size = 278
Method = LZMA2:12k
Solid = +
Blocks = 1
Date Time Attr Size Compressed Name
------------------- ----- ------------ ------------ ------------------------
2020-01-04 18:24:05 D.... 0 0 .gnupg
2020-01-04 18:22:36 D.... 0 0 .gnupg/private-keys-v1.d
2020-01-04 18:24:48 ....A 0 0 .gnupg/S.gpg-agent
2020-01-04 18:22:36 ....A 0 0 .gnupg/pubring.gpg
2020-01-04 18:24:05 ....A 0 0 .gnupg/secring.gpg
2020-01-04 18:22:36 ....A 7680 3879 .gnupg/gpg.conf
2020-01-04 18:24:52 ....A 600 .gnupg/random_seed
------------------- ----- ------------ ------------ ------------------------
2020-01-04 18:24:52 8280 3879 5 files, 2 folders

解壓文件
使用e來(lái)解壓文件,解壓所有文件到當(dāng)前目錄。(不推薦使用)
[root@localhost test]# 7z e gpg.7z
7-Zip [64] 16.02 : Copyright (c) 1999-2016 Igor Pavlov : 2016-05-21
p7zip Version 16.02 (locale=en_US.UTF-8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on,64 bits,1 CPU Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (906EA),ASM,AES-NI)
Scanning the drive for archives:
1 file, 4157 bytes (5 KiB)
Extracting archive: gpg.7z
--
Path = gpg.7z
Type = 7z
Physical Size = 4157
Headers Size = 278
Method = LZMA2:12k
Solid = +
Blocks = 1
Everything is Ok
Folders: 2
Files: 5
Size: 8280
Compressed: 4157
可以看到所有文件都解壓到當(dāng)前目錄了。

現(xiàn)在使用x參數(shù)解壓文件看一下。
[root@localhost test]# 7z x gpg.7z
7-Zip [64] 16.02 : Copyright (c) 1999-2016 Igor Pavlov : 2016-05-21
p7zip Version 16.02 (locale=en_US.UTF-8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on,64 bits,1 CPU Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (906EA),ASM,AES-NI)
Scanning the drive for archives:
1 file, 4157 bytes (5 KiB)
Extracting archive: gpg.7z
--
Path = gpg.7z
Type = 7z
Physical Size = 4157
Headers Size = 278
Method = LZMA2:12k
Solid = +
Blocks = 1
Everything is Ok
Folders: 2
Files: 5
Size: 8280
Compressed: 4157
可以看到解壓出來(lái)的文件,按照原來(lái)文件的目錄形式解壓出來(lái)的。

更新壓縮包
一段時(shí)間之后,需要將一些新文件添加到文件夾中,并且希望將他們添加到壓縮包里面,可以不用創(chuàng)建一個(gè)新的壓縮包,只需要更新現(xiàn)有的壓縮包就可以。
首先將test目錄壓縮
[root@localhost test]# 7z a files.7z test/
7-Zip [64] 16.02 : Copyright (c) 1999-2016 Igor Pavlov : 2016-05-21
p7zip Version 16.02 (locale=en_US.UTF-8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on,64 bits,1 CPU Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (906EA),ASM,AES-NI)
Scanning the drive:
1 folder, 4 files, 0 bytes
Creating archive: files.7z
Items to compress: 5
Files read from disk: 0
Archive size: 158 bytes (1 KiB)
Everything is Ok

在test文件夾中創(chuàng)建幾個(gè)文件,然后再更新壓縮包:
[root@localhost test]# touch test/file{5..10}.txt
[root@localhost test]# 7z u files.7z test/
7-Zip [64] 16.02 : Copyright (c) 1999-2016 Igor Pavlov : 2016-05-21
p7zip Version 16.02 (locale=en_US.UTF-8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on,64 bits,1 CPU Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (906EA),ASM,AES-NI)
Open archive: files.7z
--
Path = files.7z
Type = 7z
Physical Size = 158
Headers Size = 158
Solid = -
Blocks = 0
Scanning the drive:
1 folder, 10 files, 0 bytes
Updating archive: files.7z
Items to compress: 7
Files read from disk: 0
Archive size: 186 bytes (1 KiB)
Everything is Ok

查看一下是否已經(jīng)添加文件。
[root@localhost test]# 7z l files.7z
7-Zip [64] 16.02 : Copyright (c) 1999-2016 Igor Pavlov : 2016-05-21
p7zip Version 16.02 (locale=en_US.UTF-8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on,64 bits,1 CPU Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (906EA),ASM,AES-NI)
Scanning the drive for archives:
1 file, 186 bytes (1 KiB)
Listing archive: files.7z
--
Path = files.7z
Type = 7z
Physical Size = 186
Headers Size = 186
Solid = -
Blocks = 0
Date Time Attr Size Compressed Name
------------------- ----- ------------ ------------ ------------------------
2020-03-11 14:24:54 D.... 0 0 test
2020-03-11 14:18:22 ....A 0 0 test/file1.txt
2020-03-11 14:24:54 ....A 0 0 test/file10.txt
2020-03-11 14:18:22 ....A 0 0 test/file2.txt
2020-03-11 14:18:22 ....A 0 0 test/file3.txt
2020-03-11 14:18:22 ....A 0 0 test/file4.txt
2020-03-11 14:24:54 ....A 0 0 test/file5.txt
2020-03-11 14:24:54 ....A 0 0 test/file6.txt
2020-03-11 14:24:54 ....A 0 0 test/file7.txt
2020-03-11 14:24:54 ....A 0 0 test/file8.txt
2020-03-11 14:24:54 ....A 0 0 test/file9.txt
------------------- ----- ------------ ------------ ------------------------
2020-03-11 14:24:54 0 0 10 files, 1 folders

總結(jié)
7z格式的壓縮比例比ZIP格式的壓縮比例高30%-50%。
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